| Red | Environmental management, firm size, governance, governance approach, green economy, green governance, green growths, green transformation, strategic approach, sustainability, sustainability development | Self-reported indicators often inflate green governance outcomes, masking systemic greenwashing and symbolic compliance compared to independent evaluations. | Literature shows self-reported metrics overestimate performance, indicating widespread greenwashing and the need for independent verification to ensure accountability. |
| Green | Conservation of natural, economic development, economic growth, environmental policy, environmental pollution, environmental protection, government, heterogeneity, local government, pollution control | Weak enforcement and regulatory capacity lead to selective implementation, undermining the balance between economic growth and environmental protection in green governance policies. | Studies highlight enforcement capacity as key; weak oversight results in selective implementation and reduced effectiveness of environmental protection policies. |
| Blue | Carbon, carbon emission, climate change, emission control, energy conservation, green development | Without strong carbon pricing or enforcement, green governance fails to reduce emissions effectively, allowing persistent environmental externalities and short-term policy impacts. | Research indicates absence of strict pricing mechanisms sustains externalities and limits long-term emission reduction outcomes. |
| Yellow | Customer social responsibility, environmental economic, green innovation, industrial enterprise, performance assessment | Customer-driven green innovation relying on self-reported metrics often creates gaps between ESG disclosures and actual environmental performance without independent monitoring. | Theoretical insights suggest ESG disclosures lack reliability without oversight, leading to discrepancies between reported and actual environmental performance. |
| Purple | Corporates, economic, investment | Green finance effectiveness depends on institutional quality; below critical thresholds, it fails to drive sustainable investment or address core environmental externalities. | Literature emphasizes institutional quality as prerequisite; weak systems limit green finance impact and fail to stimulate sustainable corporate investment. |