Table 2. Summary of selected studies

Author(s) Data Intervention Statistics methods Outcomes
Brady et al. (2010) LIS Labor union and social security Hierarchical generalized linear regression (HGLM) Odds ratio of the in-work poverty
Brady et al. (2013) LIS Labor union, TANF/AFDC, and Unemployment Insurance Two-way fixed effect logit model Odds ratio of the in-work poverty
Cheng (2010) The SIPP 1996 Panel TANF/AFDC & social assistance Multinominal logistic regression Odds ratio of an exit from working poor
Cheung et al. (2019) Primary data The comprehensive social security assistance (CSSA)/public rental housing Logistic regression analysis The likelihood of income poor
Figari (2010) EUROMOD In-work benefit (through tax system) / Tax credit Simulation Poverty effect of in-work benefits (% points)
Hardy et al. (2018) CPS and ASEC SNAP, EITC, ACTC, and the Work-Based Safety Net Regression The probability of participating in SNAP, EITC/ACTC, and SNAP & EITC/ACTC
Hick & Lanau (2019) HBAI/FRS
Horemans et al. (2016) EU-SILC for 2008 and 2012 Unemployment benefit Probit model Probability of being poor with unemployment benefit
Jara Tamayo & Popova (2021) EUROMOD Tax credits Multivariate logistic regression The probability of in-work poverty (probability of being a working poor)
Kang (2020) CPS Paid maternity leave Logistic regression and linear probability model Probability of TANF use with paid maternity leave
Marx et al. (2012) EU-SILC for 2006 Minimum wage, reduction in employee social security contributions, tax relief, the British working Tax credit Simulation: Counterfactual Poverty impact: at-risk-of-poverty rate
Neumark et al. (2012) CPS and ASEC Living wage Regression Estimated effects of living wages on probability that family is poor
Poy (2023) EPH Pensions and cash transfer Multinominal logistic regressions Relative-risk ratios (RRR)
Wagle (2011) CPS The cash and near-cash transfers used to derive the after-transfer income include such means-tested public assistance as federal EITC, food stamps, school lunch, and housing subsidies/Cash transfer Logit model The odds of poverty for working family
LIS, Luxembourg income study; TANF, temporary assistance for needy family; AFDC, aid to families with dependent children; CPS, current population survey; ASEC, annual social and economic supplement; SNAP, supplemental nutrition assistance program; EITC, earned income tax credits; ACTC, additional child tax credit.